.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved 
.TH "JOBS" 1P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
.\" jobs 
.SH PROLOG
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
.SH NAME
jobs \- display status of jobs in the current session
.SH SYNOPSIS
.LP
\fBjobs\fP \fB[\fP\fB-l| -p\fP\fB][\fP\fIjob_id\fP\fB...\fP\fB]\fP\fB\fP
.SH DESCRIPTION
.LP
The \fIjobs\fP utility shall display the status of jobs that were
started in the current shell environment; see \fIShell Execution Environment\fP
\&.
.LP
When \fIjobs\fP reports the termination status of a job, the shell
shall remove its process ID from the list of those "known
in the current shell execution environment''; see \fIAsynchronous
Lists\fP .
.SH OPTIONS
.LP
The \fIjobs\fP utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume
of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
.LP
The following options shall be supported:
.TP 7
\fB-l\fP
(The letter ell.) Provide more information about each job listed.
This information shall include the job number, current job,
process group ID, state, and the command that formed the job.
.TP 7
\fB-p\fP
Display only the process IDs for the process group leaders of the
selected jobs.
.sp
.LP
By default, the \fIjobs\fP utility shall display the status of all
stopped jobs, running background jobs and all jobs whose
status has changed and have not been reported by the shell.
.SH OPERANDS
.LP
The following operand shall be supported:
.TP 7
\fIjob_id\fP
Specifies the jobs for which the status is to be displayed. If no
\fIjob_id\fP is given, the status information for all jobs
shall be displayed. The format of \fIjob_id\fP is described in the
Base Definitions volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 3.203,
Job Control Job ID.
.sp
.SH STDIN
.LP
Not used.
.SH INPUT FILES
.LP
None.
.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
.LP
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
\fIjobs\fP:
.TP 7
\fILANG\fP
Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that
are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables
for
the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
the values of locale categories.)
.TP 7
\fILC_ALL\fP
If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
other internationalization variables.
.TP 7
\fILC_CTYPE\fP
Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes
of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).
.TP 7
\fILC_MESSAGES\fP
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error and
informative messages written to standard output.
.TP 7
\fINLSPATH\fP
Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of \fILC_MESSAGES
\&.\fP 
.sp
.SH ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
.LP
Default.
.SH STDOUT
.LP
If the \fB-p\fP option is specified, the output shall consist of one
line for each process ID:
.sp
.RS
.nf

\fB"%d\\n", <\fP\fIprocess ID\fP\fB>
\fP
.fi
.RE
.LP
Otherwise, if the \fB-l\fP option is not specified, the output shall
be a series of lines of the form:
.sp
.RS
.nf

\fB"[%d] %c %s %s\\n", <\fP\fIjob-number\fP\fB>, <\fP\fIcurrent\fP\fB>, <\fP\fIstate\fP\fB>, <\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB>
\fP
.fi
.RE
.LP
where the fields shall be as follows:
.TP 7
<\fIcurrent\fP>
The character \fB'+'\fP identifies the job that would be used as a
default for the \fIfg\fP or \fIbg\fP utilities; this job can also
be specified
using the \fIjob_id\fP %+ or \fB"%%"\fP . The character \fB'-'\fP
identifies the job that would become the default if the
current default job were to exit; this job can also be specified using
the \fIjob_id\fP %-. For other jobs, this field is a
<space>. At most one job can be identified with \fB'+'\fP and at most
one job can be identified with \fB'-'\fP . If
there is any suspended job, then the current job shall be a suspended
job. If there are at least two suspended jobs, then the
previous job also shall be a suspended job.
.TP 7
<\fIjob-number\fP>
A number that can be used to identify the process group to the \fIwait\fP,
\fIfg\fP, \fIbg\fP, and \fIkill\fP utilities. Using these utilities,
the job can be identified by prefixing the job number
with \fB'%'\fP .
.TP 7
<\fIstate\fP>
One of the following strings (in the POSIX locale): 
.TP 7
\fBRunning\fP
.RS
Indicates that the job has not been suspended by a signal and has
not exited.
.RE
.TP 7
\fBDone\fP
.RS
Indicates that the job completed and returned exit status zero.
.RE
.TP 7
\fBDone\fP(\fIcode\fP)
.RS
Indicates that the job completed normally and that it exited with
the specified non-zero exit status, \fIcode\fP, expressed as
a decimal number.
.RE
.TP 7
\fBStopped\fP
.RS
Indicates that the job was suspended by the SIGTSTP signal.
.RE
.TP 7
\fBStopped\fP\ (\fBSIGTSTP\fP)
.RS
.sp
Indicates that the job was suspended by the SIGTSTP signal.
.RE
.TP 7
\fBStopped\fP\ (\fBSIGSTOP\fP)
.RS
.sp
Indicates that the job was suspended by the SIGSTOP signal.
.RE
.TP 7
\fBStopped\fP\ (\fBSIGTTIN\fP)
.RS
.sp
Indicates that the job was suspended by the SIGTTIN signal.
.RE
.TP 7
\fBStopped\fP\ (\fBSIGTTOU\fP)
.RS
.sp
Indicates that the job was suspended by the SIGTTOU signal.
.RE
.sp
.LP
The implementation may substitute the string \fBSuspended\fP in place
of \fBStopped\fP. If the job was terminated by a signal,
the format of <\fIstate\fP> is unspecified, but it shall be visibly
distinct from all of the other <\fIstate\fP>
formats shown here and shall indicate the name or description of the
signal causing the termination.
.TP 7
<\fIcommand\fP>
The associated command that was given to the shell.
.sp
.LP
If the \fB-l\fP option is specified, a field containing the process
group ID shall be inserted before the <\fIstate\fP>
field. Also, more processes in a process group may be output on separate
lines, using only the process ID and
<\fIcommand\fP> fields.
.SH STDERR
.LP
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
.SH OUTPUT FILES
.LP
None.
.SH EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
.LP
None.
.SH EXIT STATUS
.LP
The following exit values shall be returned:
.TP 7
\ 0
Successful completion.
.TP 7
>0
An error occurred.
.sp
.SH CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
.LP
Default.
.LP
\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
.SH APPLICATION USAGE
.LP
The \fB-p\fP option is the only portable way to find out the process
group of a job because different implementations have
different strategies for defining the process group of the job. Usage
such as $( \fIjobs\fP \fB-p\fP) provides a way of referring
to the process group of the job in an implementation-independent way.
.LP
The \fIjobs\fP utility does not work as expected when it is operating
in its own utility execution environment because that
environment has no applicable jobs to manipulate. See the APPLICATION
USAGE section for \fIbg\fP . For this
reason, \fIjobs\fP is generally implemented as a shell regular built-in.
.SH EXAMPLES
.LP
None.
.SH RATIONALE
.LP
Both \fB"%%"\fP and \fB"%+"\fP are used to refer to the current job.
Both forms are of equal validity-the \fB"%%"\fP
mirroring \fB"$$"\fP and \fB"%+"\fP mirroring the output of \fIjobs\fP.
Both forms reflect historical practice of the
KornShell and the C shell with job control.
.LP
The job control features provided by \fIbg\fP, \fIfg\fP,
and \fIjobs\fP are based on the KornShell. The standard developers
examined the characteristics of the C shell versions of these
utilities and found that differences exist. Despite widespread use
of the C shell, the KornShell versions were selected for this
volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 to maintain a degree of uniformity
with the rest of the KornShell features selected (such
as the very popular command line editing features).
.LP
The \fIjobs\fP utility is not dependent on the job control option,
as are the seemingly related \fIbg\fP and \fIfg\fP utilities because
\fIjobs\fP is useful for
examining background jobs, regardless of the condition of job control.
When the user has invoked a \fIset\fP \fB+m\fP command and job control
has been turned off, \fIjobs\fP can still be
used to examine the background jobs associated with that current session.
Similarly, \fIkill\fP can then be used to kill background jobs with
\fIkill\fP% <\fIbackground job number\fP>.
.LP
The output for terminated jobs is left unspecified to accommodate
various historical systems. The following formats have been
witnessed:
.IP " 1." 4
\fBKilled\fP( \fIsignal name\fP)
.LP
.IP " 2." 4
\fIsignal name\fP
.LP
.IP " 3." 4
\fIsignal name\fP( \fBcoredump\fP)
.LP
.IP " 4." 4
\fIsignal description\fP- \fBcore dumped\fP
.LP
.LP
Most users should be able to understand these formats, although it
means that applications have trouble parsing them.
.LP
The calculation of job IDs was not described since this would suggest
an implementation, which may impose unnecessary
restrictions.
.LP
In an early proposal, a \fB-n\fP option was included to "Display the
status of jobs that have changed, exited, or stopped
since the last status report". It was removed because the shell always
writes any changed status of jobs before each prompt.
.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
.LP
None.
.SH SEE ALSO
.LP
\fIShell Execution Environment\fP, \fIbg\fP, \fIfg\fP, \fIkill\fP(),
\fIwait\fP()
.SH COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
